In gastritis, in addition to drug treatment, other methods of therapy are used - traditional treatment methods, diet.What can you eat during a diet for stomach gastritis to achieve the effect of such treatment?
General information about diets for gastritis
The treatment of gastritis is usually complex and, in addition to drug therapy, also includes various diets.A diet for gastritis means a lot, as dry food, on-the-go snacks (hot dogs, pizza, etc.), irregular meals, too cold or hot food, and a large amount of spices can cause gastritis to worsen.
Depending on the type of disease, the disturbing symptoms and the causes that led to the onset of the disease, the gastroenterologist prescribes a diet and drug treatment of gastritis.Patients may experience pain, heaviness and burning in the upper abdomen, fullness in the stomach, feeling hungry after eating, belching, vomiting, increased salivation, decreased appetite and indigestion.
The diet for gastritis, especially in the acute phase, should not contain foods that irritate the stomach.Which Diet Should You Follow?The prescribed diet depends on the severity of the patient's exacerbation (attack);In addition, the type of diet depends on the level of stomach acid.
If you suffer from gastritis, exclude the following foods from your diet:
- any broths;
- animal fats;
- fried, spicy foods;
- smoked meats, all snacks;
- fatty meat and fish;
- pickled and pickled vegetables;
- mushrooms (due to difficult digestibility);
- some grains - corn, millet, barley, pearl barley;
- fresh berries;
- fermented milk drinks, sour cream;
- some vegetables and spices – onions, garlic, radishes, radishes, cabbage;
- vinegar, ketchup, mayonnaise, pepper, spices, sauces;
- some types of drinks - strong coffee, tea, carbonated, undiluted sour fruit juices.
During an exacerbation of the disease, dietary nutrition promotes the remission of the disease, therefore foods that strongly affect secretion and act as irritants are excluded from the diet.
Products that irritate the mucous membranes
Mechanical irritation is caused by:
- ample table;
- consumption of cartilage, fibrous meat, poultry skin;
- Consuming a significant amount of coarse fiber found in beans, radishes, raisins, currants, grapes, gooseberries and bran bread.
Fried foods have the greatest mechanical effect on the gastric mucosa.To a lesser extent, this effect is achieved by dishes prepared in the oven or in a water bath.
Chemical irritation is caused by products from the following list:
- Broths, decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms;
- various spices;
- canned goods;
- fried and smoked foods (meat and fish);
- salted, pickled, pickled vegetables;
- hard-boiled eggs;
- tomato sauce;
- Rye bread, cakes, pastries made from butter dough - tarts, pastries, tarts, cookies;
- fermented milk products;
- unripe sour fruits;
- some types of raw vegetables - onions, garlic, radishes, radishes;
- some types of drinks – strong coffee, tea, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
The chemical effect that food can have on the gastrointestinal tract is indicated by the presence of extractive substances, organic acids, table salt, water-soluble sugars and essential oils.
Thermal irritation is caused by very hot or very cold foods - dishes with a temperature of less than 15 ° C and more than 57-62 ° C are irritating, and cold meals taken on an empty stomach increase intestinal motility.The most acceptable food temperature is around 37-38°C.
The diet is selected based on its qualitative composition, the type of culinary processing of products (heat treatment - frying, boiling, steaming, baking) and the degree of grinding.
Gentle diet and fasting
In addition to eliminating irritants, a gentle diet also ensures partial meals, which makes digestion and absorption of food easier.Preferably eat pureed, warm, not rough foods with a juice-like effect - milk, milk porridge, eggs, boiled lean fish, stewed meat.
Sometimes it is considered advisable to fast because the consumption of any food causes an increase in the secretion of hydrochloric acid.With short-term abstinence from food, the acidity of the stomach decreases, and the production of saliva, bile and peristalsis also decrease.
The greatest effect of fasting days is observed during an exacerbation of the disease, when complete refusal to eat alternates with the consumption of bland food.With this nutrition plan, toxins and waste products are eliminated from the body more quickly.However, there are contraindications to fasting - it is not used for severe weight loss, anorexia, when carrying a child and not for children.
Fasting should not begin immediately with a complete refusal of food.First they switch to light food (for example kefir), spend 5 days on such a light diet and then switch to fasting.
Fasting can be done in two ways: in the first option (dry fasting) drinking water is prohibited, in the second option you can drink still mineral water or simply boiled water.On the second day you are allowed to drink weak tea, this lasts 4-5 days.Getting out of a hunger strike begins with consuming rice water and wheat crackers.Then they begin to eat liquid oatmeal, rice and semolina porridge prepared with water or a small amount of milk.It is good to eat mucous soups or grain infusions with soups during the day.The consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit is excluded.
Separate food
Nutritional options in which the diet does not allow the simultaneous consumption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates are called separate meals.For example, meat should not be eaten with starchy and green vegetables.Green vegetables can be combined with many foods: fats, proteins, grains.Confectionery (flour) and sugar are consumed separately from all foods to avoid fermentation, belching and heartburn.
By adhering to the principles of separate nutrition, you can normalize digestion and metabolic processes in the body and reduce weight.Properly combined foods are absorbed faster, do not cause fermentation and toxic substances do not form in the blood.
Food dispensing speed
To facilitate the digestion and removal of food from the body, the simultaneous consumption of liquid and solid foods is not recommended.Liquid and mushy food leaves the stomach faster than solid food, so it is advisable to increase the speed of food passage when dieting.
Prunes and raisins stay in the stomach for a particularly long time;If gastritis worsens, consumption is not recommended for the first few months.
It also affects the speed of food movement and its type – proteins, carbohydrates or fats.Carbohydrates leave the body the fastest, followed by proteins, and only fats remain the longest.Fats have little effect on the production of gastric juice, but they lengthen the time food stays in the stomach because fats are difficult to break down - the longer the food stays in the stomach, the greater the release of hydrochloric acid.During exacerbation of the disease, it is recommended to avoid fats.
Purpose of the diet
When prescribing a diet, many factors are taken into account, including concomitant diseases of the gallbladder, pancreas and intestines.If you are prone to diarrhea, diet No. 4 is prescribed;In the presence of symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or pancreatitis, diet No. 5 is prescribed (with the exception of whole milk and a reduction in fresh vegetables and fruits).The duration of the diet is also chosen individually.A strict diet, prescribed in the acute stage, is followed for 1-2 months.But the basic rules of proper nutrition must be followed for many years.
The prescribed diets also depend on the form and type of disease progression.A strict diet is prescribed for acute, erosive (ulcerative) gastritis and exacerbation of chronic gastritis;During the remission phase, the diet is expanded slightly.With any type of gastritis (superficial, hypertrophic, subatrophic, hyperplastic, hemorrhagic, catarrhal, focal, mixed reflux gastritis, etc.), alcohol, smoking, fatty, fried and spicy foods are strictly prohibited.
With gastritis, the goal is to restore normal gastric activity, regenerate affected areas of the mucous membrane, normalize acidity and the activity of digestive enzymes.
What can you eat for acute gastritis?
In acute forms of gastritis, it is recommended not to eat anything on the first day;It is allowed to drink tea and still mineral water.From the 2nd day, you can include the following in the diet: liquid porridge (preferably oatmeal), mashed potatoes (liquid with water), soft-boiled eggs, jelly.A strict diet is required during the exacerbation phase;As the symptoms subside, the diet is expanded.With low acidity, it is recommended to consume more foods that support the secretion of hydrochloric acid;with high acidity, vice versa.
| Soothes the stomach | They seem irritating |
| Mineral drinking water without gas, weak tea | Alcoholic and carbonated drinks |
| Weak vegetable soups | Coffee, cocoa (low fat) |
| Porridge | Salty dishes |
| Well-cooked lean meat and fish | All fried, pickled, smoked dishes |
| Pureed vegetables (potatoes, turnips, carrots, cauliflower) | Rich, strong broths |
| cottage cheese | preserves, spices |
| Fresh white bread | Black bread |
| Sugar | Eggs (yolk only) |
Diet for chronic gastritis
In this case, diet number 2 is prescribed.The food should be varied in composition;The diet should contain foods that stimulate the secretion of gastric juice and increase appetite, which is reduced in such patients.
Permitted and prohibited products for chronic gastritis:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean meat or fish, soups with low-fat broth (meat or fish) | Fatty meat and fish |
| Soaked herring, caviar (black) | Cold drinks |
| Boiled, stewed, baked vegetables, herbs - dill, parsley | Fresh bread |
| Fruit and vegetable juices, soft apples | Baked goods |
| Soft-boiled eggs, cheese (mild), lean ham | Lots of grapes or cabbage |
| Stale rye bread | Salty, spicy dishes |
| Dissolve the porridge with water or a small amount of milk | Milk |
Since patients with this form of gastritis often do not tolerate milk well, it is recommended to consume fermented milk products (kefir, cottage cheese, yogurt) - fresh and as a casserole or pudding.
Features of the diet for hypoacid gastritis
Eating should be at least 5 times a day.After the acute phase, therapeutic nutrition is carried out for 2-3 months.It is good to supplement your diet with vitamin and mineral supplements.
In this case, at the beginning of an exacerbation, a strict diet is followed, the aim of which is to reduce the exacerbation.They then begin to stimulate gastric juice secretion.The diet prescribed for low acidity is diet number 2.
Table of allowed and prohibited products for low acidity (hypoacid gastritis):
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Rabbit, chicken, lean meat in the form of meatballs, meatballs, cutlets | Fried foods, baked foods |
| Lean fish, fish soup | Alcoholic drinks |
| Meat broths, soups – vegetables, fruits, peas | Salty, spicy dishes and spices (horseradish, pepper, mustard, garlic) |
| Vegetable purees, stews, salads from beets, carrots, potatoes, zucchini (except spinach and sorrel) | Mushrooms |
| Sour cream, kefir, milk, cottage cheese, cheesecake, diluted cream, a little butter, mild cheese, steam omelettes, soft-boiled eggs | Rough, tough, fatty meat, pork |
| Fruit juices (except grape juice), compotes, rose hip decoction, black currants | Raw vegetables, including radishes, radishes, onions, fresh cucumbers, sweet peppers, turnips, cabbage;pickled vegetables |
| Weak tea (with milk), water with lemon and sugar | Grape juice and whole grapes, plums, raisins |
| White crackers, dry cookies | Fresh bread, pastries |
| Porridge | Smoked products (meat and fish) |
| Jellied meat | Milk |
| Sweet berries (raspberries, strawberries) and pureed fruits;Jam, compote, jelly | Legumes, grains – pearl barley, corn, barley, millet |
| Noodles | Okroshka |
It is recommended to drink mineral water 20-30 minutes before meals.
The diet is followed for about 3 weeks, it all depends on how you feel.After reducing inflammation, you can gradually begin to stimulate the production of hydrochloric acid - cook stronger meat broths, sometimes serve a pickled cucumber or a piece of herring for lunch, you can eat a sandwich with grainy caviar.To stimulate gastric juice production, you should drink lemon juice diluted with water (0.5 cups) half an hour before meals.
It is allowed to eat fried foods, but without breading.It is good to start taking bitter substances from herbs - to increase appetite and taste sensations.Drinking kumiss is good for secretion;Drinking kvass is not harmful, but you should not get carried away, as it promotes the processes of gas formation.You can also drink coffee, but no more than 1 cup per day.
In addition, the diet is expanded and the consumption of cocoa, kefir and strong tea is allowed.If you feel well, the diet expands after a few months - you can eat almost anything, but you should not use too much salt, spices, cabbage and grapes.Hot dishes must be available for breakfast and lunch.
Sample menu for the period of exacerbation of gastritis:
- Breakfast– weak tea with milk and oatmeal;
- second breakfast– apple (baked);
- Lunch– compote, steamed meat cutlet with a side dish of buckwheat porridge, broth with meatballs;
- Dinner– vegetable puree, cottage cheese (can be with jam);
- before bed:a glass of kefir with white crackers.
Diet for hyperacid gastritis
With hyperacid gastritis, you need to eat in small portions 5-6 times a day at certain times.It is important to chew food thoroughly - crushed food does not damage the mucous membrane and chewing produces more gastric juice and saliva, which help digest food.All dishes should be minimally seasoned and salted.
In the first few weeks, the diet is almost the same as with low acidity.The difference is that with gastritis with high acidity, it makes sense to consume more dairy products and milk to normalize high acidity.
If milk causes gas or diarrhea, it can be diluted, drunk, and added to tea.If this does not help, it is replaced with slimy soups.
All foods should be pureed, warm and chopped.A few weeks later, after a strict diet, foods are added that have little influence on gastric juice synthesis.The principle of partial meals is also retained.The diet should be rich in proteins to restore stomach cells.
For hyperacid gastritis, diet number 1 is recommended (it is good for weight loss).Then - diet 1A for up to 10 days, after that - diet 1B and No. 1 (up to several months).
List of permitted and prohibited products:
| Allowed | Forbidden |
| Lean cooked meats: rabbit, chicken, pigeon.Dishes prepared from it, boiled or stewed in water, in the form of meatballs, cutlets, soufflé | Spicy, smoked and fried dishes (or baked with a crust - grill), sausages, sausages |
| Low-fat fish – hake, pink salmon, cod and other seafood | Rich meat and fish broths |
| Vegetable puree, grated vegetables – young peas, potatoes, beets, carrots;fresh cabbage juice | Coffee, tea, carbonated and alcoholic drinks, kvass, beer |
| Fruit jelly, jelly, puree (strawberries, raspberries, apples) | Cranberry, sour fruit or citrus juices |
| Porridge that cooks well in water – semolina, rice, oatmeal | Tomatoes, garlic, onions, beets, radishes, peppers, cabbage |
| Milk, fresh cottage cheese | Mustard, ginger |
| Steam omelets, soft-boiled eggs, milk, cream, fresh cottage cheese, casseroles made from them | legumes, chocolate |
| Slimy soups with the addition of pureed grains, pureed milk porridges made from various types of grains (except millet) | Marinades, pickles, spices, salt |
| White bread crackers | Fermented milk products |
| Sugar, darling | Coffee, alcoholic drinks |
| Rosehip decoction with sugar, tea (with milk or cream) | Black bread |
An hour before meals, it is recommended to drink Borjomi alkaline mineral water (1 glass).
Oven-dried crackers are allowed to replace fresh brown bread.It is recommended to add vegetable oil to dishes to speed up the healing process of damage to the mucous membrane that occurs with this type of gastritis.
Exacerbation menu:
- Breakfast – steam omelet, pureed milk porridge (oatmeal), tea with milk;
- second breakfast – milk with crackers;
- Lunch - puree soup from a mixture of potatoes and carrots, steamed meat cutlets with a side dish of mashed potatoes, fruit jelly;
- Afternoon snack - a glass of milk.
- Dinner - boiled fish with a side dish of carrot and beet puree, tea with milk;
- at night - a glass of milk.
Food recipes
To simplify preparation, create an approximate meal plan for the week, taking into account the permitted foods.It is very convenient and complies with the rules of a gentle cooking method when preparing dishes in a slow cooker.
Mucous soups are used for exacerbations and pain.Milk soups are used in diets 1A and 1B.More often these are grain soups that are prepared with milk diluted with water (1:1).Puree soups are prepared with muesli, potatoes and carrots are added, then everything is pureed and a little oil is added.
For the preparation of main dishes, it is better to cook (steamed or in a water bath).This is how omelets, puddings, sauces, etc. are prepared.The meat is boiled in small pieces (to remove extractive substances), then the broth is drained and the meat is cooked in new water.
Sample recipes from permitted foods during diets:
First courses
Creamy pumpkin soup with dill
Boil the zucchini and potatoes and puree them in a blender.Bring to desired structure with vegetable broth, salt, cream and finely chopped dill.
Slimy rice soup with minced chicken breast fillet and cream
Boiled chicken fillet is ground in a blender.The puree is mixed with rice water, slightly salted and brought to the boil.Allow the soup to cool to 70 °C, add the egg and cream mixture and stir.
Second courses:
Turkey schnitzel
The ground turkey meat is salted, butter and wheat bread soaked in milk are added.Form and steam the schnitzel.
Delicious dietary desserts:
Rice pudding with apples
Cook rice porridge, add grated apples, egg yolks and sugar.Beat the mixture and add the suggested egg whites.Pour into molds and steam for at least half an hour.The finished pudding is topped with fruit jelly.
Curd soufflé
Whisk together cottage cheese, egg yolks, semolina, milk and cream.Beaten egg whites are added to the mixture and mixed gently.The resulting mass in the mold is steamed.